In a fascist shift, the state always forms a paramilitary group so that political violence can be carried out without the government being held accountable. It’s predictable that when this process started to happen in America, our version of Hitler’s Brownshirts and Mussolini’s Blackshirts would originate from America’s instruments of imperialism.
With the rise of Blackwater during the War on Terror, the Bush administration gained a private mercenary company that came to function as a paramilitary group. Blackwater’s contractors carried out acts of unprovoked violence against innocent people that American troops wouldn’t have been able to commit without intense scrutiny being put upon the U.S. government itself, and Blackwater’s operators have been able to continue their company under a different name since its crimes were exposed. Blackwater’s victims have extended not just to the foreign battlefields of American imperialism, but to the crisis zones in America that capitalism has created; Blackwater’s forces patrolled the streets of New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina, and there’s evidence that they engaged in aggressive violence against the city’s population.
Since then, Blackwater (now called Academi) has been getting involved in the Trump administration’s wars against Syria and Venezuela, and another mercenary company called TigerSwan has been profiting off of crises like the 2017 hurricanes and the struggle in Standing Rock. Violent class confrontations, climate change-created natural disasters, and the demand for private mercenary companies to get involved in America’s wars will most certainly all increase in the coming years, and with them will come the proliferation of these uniquely capitalist and imperialist American paramilitaries. But they’re just one part of the fascist thug class that’s emerged in the United States.
The rise of private armies like Blackwater has been tied in with the rise of the vigilante far-right militias, and these two categories of armed fascist groups represent a similar threat to the safety of America’s marginalized people.
Radical right-wing American militias, whose numbers reached a record high in 2013 and have continued to rise throughout the Trump era, have gained both their symbolism and many of their members from the domestic ramifications of America’s recent wars. Veterans make up a significant amount of the membership of these militias, making for a situation where many of the country’s potential terrorists have gone through military training. America’s fascist paramilitaries also derive their iconography from recent military culture; militia members typically adorn their cars with military-style grilles, grow beards in the same vein as the ones that male U.S. soldiers often sport, and wear outfits that imitate army gear.
As the artist Nate Powell has observed, all of these aspects of the aesthetics of American fascists are thematically connected to the aesthetics of the War on Terror. “Active duty personnel in the 21st century almost exclusively wear combat fatigues,” wrote Powell in his cartoon from this year titled About Face: Death and surrender to power in the clothing of men. “Even officer workers and higher-ranking officers. While I read this as extending uniformity to its logical conclusion, it’s a stylistic shift that seems to entertain a stunted child’s play-acting fantasy. Accompanying this ‘forever war’ dress-standard is the adoption of a distinctly paramilitary aesthetic, most strikingly visible in the presence of facial hair, trickling down from allowances made for special forces (and accompanying private mercenary units, which often outnumber actual military forces) for operations in the Middle East, Central America, and Africa.
“At its core, this [imitation of military aesthetics in fascist militias] is a child’s power fantasy finally enacted in adulthood,” concluded Powell, “speaking only the language of power, the intellectual crudeness of reaction, contrarianism, opposition...Aggrieved, insecure white Americans with an exaggerated sense of sovereignty have officially declared their existence as above the law, consistent with a long tradition of acting and living above it...These are the future fascist paramilitary participants and their ushers-take them seriously.”
By identifying themselves with the symbols of American empire, these militia members have declared that they’re going to uphold the violent legacy of the empire after it implodes in on itself. As the dollar moves towards collapse and American influence declines around the globe, in the next decade the U.S. will likely see a massive contraction of its global military forces-one that results in the U.S. government using its military power to try to control its own population amid an economically and environmentally unstable new era. When Trump or an authoritarian successor carries out a violent crackdown to quell America’s coming period of unrest, the civilians who will be on the side of this crackdown are the fascist militia members.
It’s these groups which have already symbolically merged with the police and the military, and which will act in lockstep with whatever actions that the government’s official military forces take to control the population. As fascist paramilitaries always do, the militia members have lately been functioning as enforcers of the political agenda of the far right, with militias policing the border, detaining undocumented people, and using threats of violence to support a recent climate bill boycott from Republican legislators in Oregon. The country’s destabilization in the coming years will cause them to act far more boldly, and to do so with increasing impunity as leaders like Donald Trump work to enable them.
The future of America’s fascist paramilitaries could resemble the paradigm of state-sanctioned right-wing death squads that proliferated under regimes like the one of Augusto Pinochet, whose image has ominously become a favorite symbol of solidarity among modern fascist sympathizers. The recent increases in hate crimes like the Christchurch shooting and the Pittsburgh synagogue massacre are preludes to a violent new era that far-right extremists want to create, one where the right’s political opponents and the elements of “degeneracy” are made submissive by routine acts of terror.
Both through open calls for violence and through racist dog whistles meant to appease the white supremacists in his base, Trump is normalizing the language that these terrorist groups use to gain encouragement and legitimacy. “We’re taking care of ourselves for a change folks,” Trump said in a speech last year. “But radical Democrats want to turn back the clock…for the rule of corrupt, power-hungry, globalists. You know what a globalist is? You know what a globalist is? A globalist is a person that wants the globe to do well, frankly, not caring about our country so much. And you know what, we can’t have that. You know they have a word. It sort of became old-fashioned. It’s called a nationalist, and I say really, we’re not supposed to use that word. You know what I am? I’m a nationalist, okay? I’m a nationalist. Nationalist. Nothing wrong. Use that word. Use that word.”
The fascist paramilitary leaders who don’t need to speak so codedly are relatively low profile provocateurs like Gavin McInnes, the founder of the hate group the Proud Boys. There are moments from McInnes’ online show where he states the following: “We will kill you. That’s the Proud Boys in a nutshell...Like Bill the Butcher and the Bowery Boys, we will assassinate you...If you’re wearing a MAGA hat and some guy with a slightly punk demeanor says, ‘Hey, are you … pro-Trump?’ choke him. Trust your instincts … Don’t listen to what he has to say, choke him...Can you call for violence generally? ‘Cause I am...Fighting solves everything. We need more violence from the Trump people...Trump supporters: Choke a motherfucker. Choke a bitch. Choke a tranny. Get your fingers around the windpipe...Get a fucking gun...Get ready to blow someone’s fucking head off...Get in trouble. Get arrested. Get fired. They can’t kill us all.”
We can’t pretend that the capitalist power structure will protect us from fascist violence. The police in America have historically aligned with white supremacists, and this tendency has continued in recent years as police have refused to intervene during moments like the outbreak of Nazi violence in Charlottesville. White supremacists have been successfully working to infiltrate police departments for many years, with the recent revelations of racist and violent social media posts from Philadelphia police officers providing insight into the intentions of these ideologically driven law enforcement operatives.
Law enforcement is complicit in the rise of the fascist paramilitaries because in a capitalist society, law enforcement is the instrument behind the violence that the state uses to oppress marginalized groups. During a shift into fascism, the police naturally become part of the paramilitary presence, just as capitalism as a whole naturally transitions into fascism. The police departments, the private mercenary companies, the military, and of course the immigration police all basically share the political agenda of the right-wing militias.
This is why we must reject liberal dogma that treats the police as allies, and accept the fact that we’re on our own when it comes to defending ourselves from the threat that the fascist paramilitaries pose. This entails getting involved in groups like the Socialist Rifle Association and the Liberal Gun Club, which are non-militia organizations that seek to educate nonwhites, women, LGBT people, and other threatened groups about how to prepare themselves for when the bigots become violent. The cops aren’t who will keep us safe. As one clip from the SRA says: “We keep us safe.”
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